![]() ![]() ![]() Marine diesel engines are also significant emitters of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbons (THC) and particulate matter (PM). In addition, marine diesel engines burning sulfur-containing fuels such as heavy-fuel oil (HFO) emit sulfur oxides (SO x). As known, in-cylinder available nitrogen and oxygen react at high temperatures in the reaction zone of combustion flame, generating nitrogen oxides (NO x) which are primarily a mixture of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) with the latter in small quantities. ![]() The main gaseous constituents of exhaust gases generated by marine diesel engines are carbon dioxide (CO 2), water vapor (H 2O), nitrogen (N 2) and oxygen (O 2). From the examination of the constructional, operational, environmental and economic parameters of the examined EGTS, it can be concluded that the most effective SO x emission abatement system is the closed-loop wet scrubbers with NaOH solution which can practically eliminate ship SO x emissions, whereas the most effective NO x emission mitigation system is the SCR which cannot only offer compliance of a vessel with the IMO Tier III limits but can also practically eliminate ship NO x emissions. Detailed real data for the time several cargo vessels spent in shipyards for seawater scrubber installation, and actual data for the purchase cost and the installation cost of seawater scrubbers in shipyards are demonstrated. The SCR technology is comparatively evaluated with alternative techniques such as LNG, internal engine modifications (IEM), direct water injection (DWI) and humid air motor (HAM) to assess the individual NO x emission reduction potential of each technology. The operational principles and the construction specifications, the performance characteristics and the investment and operation of the reviewed shipping EGTS are thoroughly elaborated. Specifically, after-treatment technologies such as wet scrubbers with seawater and freshwater solution with NaOH, hybrid wet scrubbers, wet scrubbers integrated in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) installations, dry scrubbers, inert gas wet scrubbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are analyzed. In the present work, the contemporary exhaust gas treatment systems (EGTS) used for SO x, PM, and NO x emission mitigation from shipping are reviewed. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |